jpU.,uh.a[tbre;jpy;Fkhh;;/ Kidth;.e.Mde;juh$h/ Kidth;.e._uhk;/ Kidth;.,.tonty;
tphpthf;f fy;tpf; ,af;ffk;/ , - tphpthf;f ikak;/ jkpH; ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyfHfk;/
nfhaKj;J}h; - 641 003
tptrhak; vd;gJ kdpjdpd; mog;gil njitfshf fUjg;gLk; czt[ kw;Wk; cilia mspf;Fk; mj;ahtrpa bjhHpyhFk;. ,Ug;gplk; vd;Dk; njitiaa[k; tptrhaj;jpw;nf mog;gilahf cs;s epy';fns g{h;j;jp bra;fpd;wd. ,e;jpahtpy; ,d;Wk; bgUk;ghyhndhUf;F (55%) ntiy bfhLg;gJ tptrhakhFk1;. ,e;jpah tptrhak; 10/000 tUl';fs; gHikahdJ vd;W Twg;gLfpwJ2. ,e;jpa fyhr;rhuKk; ehfhpfKk; ejpfis mog;gilahff; bfhz;nl tsh;e;j xd;whFk;. ,jid rpwg;gpg;gjhf ,e;jpa bkhHp ,yf;fpa';fspy; tptrhak; kpft[k; rpwg;gpj;Jf; Twg;gLfpwJ.
ciHf;Fk; rf;jpa[k;/ bghUshjhuKk;
ve;j xU ehlhapDk; me;ehl;L bghUshjhuk; m';fpUf;Fk; kf;fspd; ciHf;Fk; rf;jpia bghUj;nj jPh;khdpf;fg;gLk;. bghJthf ciHf;Fk; / ntiyghh;f;Fk; kf;fspd; taJ 20 Kjy; 60 tajhf cs;sJ3. tptrhaKk; fLikahd gzpfis bfhz;l bjhHpyhjyhy; ,e;j ciHf;Fk; th;f;fj;jpd; g';F kpf mj;jpahtrpakhf cs;sJ. ,d;W 55 rjtPjkhf cs;s tptrha kf;fs; rf;jp Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpy; 85 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;jJ4. ,j;jifa bghUshjhuj;ij Dual economy vd;ghh;fs;. mjhtJ bgUk;ghd;ikahd (85-90%)kf;fs; Fiwe;j tUkhdKs;s tptrhaj;ija[k; kPjKs;nshh; mjpf tUkhdkPl;Lk; gpw cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; nritj;Jiwa[Ks;s epiyahFk5;.
,d;iwa bghUshjhuk; ,is"h; rf;jpa[k;
,ul;il bghUshjhuk; vd;W th;zpf;fg;gLk; ehLfspd; ,e;jpa kw;Wk; gy fpHf;F - bjw;F Mrpa ehLfSk; nrUk6;. ,';F kf;fs; rpy ehl;fs; tptrhaj;jpy; thH;f;ifia mDgtpj;J tUtjhf Fd;dh; kphplhy; vd;w bghUshjhu epg[zh; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh7;. ,jid khw;w Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpy; bjhHpy; cw;gj;jp Jiwf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bfhLf;fg;gl;L cghpahf cs;s tptrha / fpuhk kf;fs; 8. fle;j ,UgJ tUl ,is"h; rf;jp tptrhaky;yhj gpw bjhHpw;fy;tp rhh;e;j nrit kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp Jiwfspy; brYj;jg;gl;L mj;Jiwfs; mghpj tsh;r;rpaile;J/ ,d;W 45 rjtPj kf;fs; mjid nkw;bfhz;L/ 85 rjtPj bghshjhu cw;gj;jpia nkw;bfhs;fpd;wdh;. Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpd; ,is"h; /ciHf;Fk; rf;jp ,d;W jiyfPHhf khwpa[s;sJ.
tptrhaKk;/ mjd; kPjhd r\fg;ghh;ita[k;
kWgf;fk; tptrhaj;Jiwapy; yhgKk;/ m';fPfhuKk; Fiwaj;bjhl';fpaJ/ nrit kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpj;Jiwapy; fy;tp fw;gjhy; fpilf;Fk; ntiyahl;fshy; tUk; tUkhdk/; tptrhaj;jpy; gy rthy;fis re;jpj;j gpd; fpilf;Fk; brhw;g tUkhdj;jpw;F Vw;g[ilajhf ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy;/ tptrhak; bra;a[k; jiyKiwapdh; jdJ mLj;j jiyKiwfis tptrhaj;ij tpl;L tpyf;fp ,ju Jiwfspy; 9. ,jw;F tptrhak; gapYk; bjhHpw;fy;tp khzth;fs; tpUk;gp Vw;Fk; efuthH;f;ifa[k;/ bts;is brhf;fh ntiyfSnk rhd;whFk;. tptrhak; gog;nghh; Tl tptrhak; bra;a Kd; tu Koahj mst[f;F r\fj;jpd; ghh;ita[k; tptrha bghUshjhuj;jpd; epiya[k; khwpa[s;sJ.
tptrha KjyPL rhpt[
tptrha KjyPL vd;gJ ,e;jpa fpuhk';fspy; cs;s epy/ ePh/; fhy;eil kw;Wk; kdpj ts Mjhu';fshfnt ,Ue;Js;sJ/ cld; ghuk;ghpa tptrha mwpt[k; ,d;waikahjjhfnt ,Ue;Js;sJ. btsp KjyPL vd;gnj kpff;Fiwt[. Mdhy;/ tptrha cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpf;Fk; bghUl;L btsp ,L bghUl;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk; nghJjhd; tptrha KjyPL vd;gJ mjpfkhfpwJ. ghrdk; rhh;e;j gaphpL Kiwfs;/ cah; tpisr;ry; gaph; uf';fs;/ urhad cuk;/ g{r;rpbfhy;yp vd;W tUk;nghJ btspKjyPL tptrhaj;jpw;F mjpfkhfpwJ. MapDk; mjpf cw;gj;jpahy;/ Fiwthd ciHg;ghy; mjpfgoahd yhgk; tUk;nghJ tptrhapfs; ghuk;ghpa Kiwia iftpl bjhl';fpdh;. mjd;gpd;/ cw;gj;jp gutyhf;fg;gLk; nghJ yhgKk; Fiwe;jJ ,LbghUs; bryt[k; mjpfkhfpaJ. cw;gj;jp rhh;e;nj jpl;lkplg;gl;l tptrha bghUshjhuk;/ re;ij rhh;e;jjhf mwpt[ rhh;e;jjhf jpl;lkplg;glhikahy; mjw;Fwpa murh';f KjyPL ,y;yhikahYk;10 tptrhaj;Jiw gpwJiwfis xg;gpLk;NghJ 15 tUl';fs; gpd;j';fptpl;lJ nghy; njhd;WfpwJ.
,is"h;fs; ,lg;bgah;t[k; ,d;iwa tptrhaKk;
,jd; tpist[ tptrha kf;fspd; mLj;j jiyKiwapdh; ,lk; bgah;e;J tpl;ldh;. nkYk;/ fpuhkk; vd;Dk; Tl;L mikg;g[ rpije;J ,d;W ,Uf;Fk; tptrhaj;jpw;nf ntiyahl;fs; ,y;yhj epiy cUthfpa[s;sJ. ,d;iwa fpuhk';fspd; Rkhh; 40 taJf;nkw;gl;l kf;fisna tptrhaj;jpy; bgUk;ghd;ikahff; fhz KofpwJ11. ,d;Ws;s 80% ,is"h;fSf;F tptrhak; vd;why; vd;dbtd;W bjhpahj xU epiy cUthfpa[s;sJ12. Vw;fdnt/ Fiwthd re;ij tpiy/ jz;zPh; jl;Lg;ghL/ kfNy; Fiwt[/ kz; ts tPH;r;rp vd gy ,lh;g;ghLfis re;jpj;J te;j tptrhak; ,d;W ntiyahl;fs; gw;whf;Fiw/ Typ cah;t[ vDk;nghpoia jh';fp tUfpwJ.
,is"h; rf;jpa[k; ehisa bghUshjhuKk;
tptrha bghUshjhukw;w ve;j ehLk; jpthyhfptpLk;. KGtJkhf tptrhaj;ij iftpl;L ,Uf;Fk; ve;j ehLfSk; ,y;iy. vz;bza; tsj;jpy; kpjf;Fk; mnugpah;fSk;/ fhh; fduf thfd Vw;Wkjpapy; kpjf;Fk; b$h;khdpah;fSk; tptrhaj;ij tplhg;gpoahfg; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L KjyPL bra;J fhg;ghw;wp tUfpd;wdh1;3. ,e;jpahitg; nghd;w ehLfspy;/ tptrhaj;ij tUk; ehl;fspy; yhgfukhdjhf khw;wtpy;iybad;why; ,e;jpa czt[f;fhf ifnae;j ntz;oa epiy Vw;gLk;.
,jw;F erpe;J nghapUf;Fk;/ ,lk;bgah;e;J nghapUf;Fk; xt;bthU fpuhk thrpfisa[k; etPd tptrha bjhHpy;El;g';fs;/ jfty; bjhHpy;El;gk; kw;Wk; re;ijrhh; bghUshjhu cw;gj;jp vd;gtw;wpd; \yk; xU';fpizj;J ,is"h;fis tptrhaj;jpy; jw;rhh;g[ bfhz;ljhft[k;/ ,aw;if ts/ kdpj ts jw;rhh;g[ bfhz;ljhft[k; khWk;. nkYk/; khwptUk; Rw;WNHy; jw;rhh;gpd;ikf;F mwpt[ rhh;e;j tptrhak; ehisa ,is"h;fSf;F jtph;f;f KoahjjhFk;. ,jid g[hpe;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; flik kw;Wk; jpz;ik ekJ murh';f jpl;l mYtyh;fSf;F/ Muha;r;rpahsh;fSf;Fk;/ tphpthf;fj;JiwapdUf;Fk; cs;sJ.
References:
1. CIA - The world fact book - India (2007 -09-20).
2. Gupta, Anil.K.(2004), “Origin of agriculture and domestication of plants and animals linked to early Holocene climate amelioration, current science, 87(1), Indian Academy of Sciences.
3. International Labour Organisation (ILO) guidelines.
4. 5.James Heitzman and Robert.L. Worden, editors. India: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1995.
6.Barbara A.Weightman. Dragons and Tigers: A Geography of South, East and South East Asia, 101, John Wiley and Sons.
7.Gunnar Myrdal, Asia drama, V.1I, 1969.
8.Montek S.Abluwalia, Economic Reforms in India Since 1991: Has
Graduation Worked, Planning Commission of India, 2008.
9. 11,12.Yuvasenthilkumar.R. and Knerr.B., Perspectives of Primary
Sector in the Booming Economy of India, Abstracts of Tropentag 2011,
Bonn, Germany.
10.Desai, 2004: The Real State of India’s Economy, Aspects of Indian
Economy, No.36 & 37, Chapter X, (www.rupe-india.org).
13.CIA - The World fact book - Sandi Arabia & Germany.
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