இணைய விரிவாக்கமும், இளைய தலைமுறை விவசாயமும்

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tphpthf;f fy;tpf; ,af;ffk;/  , - tphpthf;f ikak;/ jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyfHfk;/

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tptrha fl;likg;g[ KjyPL/ tptrha Muha;r;rp/ tptrha jpl;l';fs;/ tptrha bjhHpy;El;gk; vd vj;jid bra;jhYk; ,tw;iw fpufpf;fj;jf;f  tifapy; tptrhak; bra;gth;fSf;Fk;/ eph;tfpg;gth;fSf;Fk; bfhz;L bry;ytpl;lhy; btz;bza; jpuz;L tUk;nghJ ghid cile;j fijahfptpLk;. mnj nghy; njitf;F jFe;jthW KjyPLfSk;/ Muha;r;rpfSk; fl;likg;g[fSk; ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; mnj epiy Vw;gLk;. tphpthf;fk; vd;gJ ,UtHp bjhlh;ghf (Participatary extension) xU fye;Jiuahly; nghy bray;glhtpod; ahUf;Fk; ve;j gaDk; Vw;glhJ¹. jfty; bjhHpy;El;gk; tsh;e;Js;s NH;epiyapy; ,iza tphpthf;fj;ij kpfr;rhpahf ,is"h;fsplk; bray;gLj;jpdhy; ,t;tst[ fhyk;/ muR tptrha ,ae;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;j ,lh;ghLfis fisa Koa[k;².

tphpthf;fKk;/ r\f g[hpjYk;

,e;jpah/ cyfpd; kpfg;bgUk; gHikahd r\fk; vd;w bgUikf;Fhpa xd;W. ,e;jpahtpy; rpe;J rkbtsp ehfhpfk; Kjyhf midj;J ejp jPu';fspYk; gHk;bgUk; fyhr;rhuk; epytpte;Js;sJ. xt;bthU ejpjPu';fspYk;/ g[tp mikg;g[/ gz;g[/ fhyepiy/ ,aw;if tsk; vd cs;stw;iw bghUj;nj kdpj vz;z';fSk; mikfpd;wd. ,jid/ Fwp";rp/ Ky;iy/ bea;jy;/ kUjk; kw;Wk; ghiy vDk; gHe;jkpH; epy mikg;g[fSk/; mjd; gz;g[fisa[k; Muha;e;jhny g[hpa[k;. kz;izg;bghUj;nj kdpjdpd; rpe;jida[k; bray;ghLfSk; khWk;. mjd; mog;gilapy; ghh;j;jhy; ,e;jpahtpy; gy;ntW tifahd kz; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;NHy;/ mjDld; gy Mapukhz;Lfshf tptrhak; bra;J gHf;fg;gl;nl kf;fSf;F vd xU MH;e;j g[hpjYk; mDgtKk; ,Uf;Fk;. jkpHfj;ij vLj;Jf;bfhz;lhy; xU bkhHp ngRk;/ xU eph;thf mikg;g[ bfhz;l khepykhf ,Ue;jhYk;/ kf;fspd; gz;g[k; gHf;f tHf;fKk; mtuth; NH;epiyf;Fk; ghuk;ghpaj;jpw;Fk; Vw;wthW khWgLfpwJ. mjdhy; xU tp#aj;ij gyjug;gl;l kf;fSf;F bfhz;L brd;W g[hpaitg;gJ vd;gJ rpwpJ fodkhd gzpahFk;. may;ehLfspy; kdpj ,dj;ij Muha;r;rp bra;nthh; (Anthroposophy) Kjypy; bkhHpia fw;Wzh;th;³. mjd; gpwF mth;fnshL thH;e;J mth;jk; fyhr;rhuj;ija[k; fw;W mjd; gpd; mth;jk; Muha;r;rpfis nkw;bfhs;th;. mJnghy; tphpthf;f Ma;thsh; kw;Wk; KGneu tphpthf;f gzpahsh;fSf;F tptrha Foapdhpd; ghuk;ghpak;/ gHf;f tHf;fk; Kjypatw;iw g[hpe;Jbfhz;L me;j gFjpapy; tptrhak; ghh;j;j tuyhw;W khWjy;fisa[k; kdjpy; bfhz;L bray;gl ntz;Lk;. r\f kw;Wk; g[tpapay; tuyhw;W g[hpjbyd;gJ tphpthf;f mYtyh;fSf;F ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

,d;iwa tptrhak NHYk;/ tphpthf;fKk;

1990 fspy; cUthd re;ijrhh; bghUshjhuj;jpw;F Vw;whh;nghy; ek; ehl;L tptrhapfisa[k;/ Muha;r;rpahsh;fisa[k; tHp elj;jhjd; tpist[ ehk; gpw Jiwfis fhl;oYk; Rkhh; 15 tUl';fs; gpd;j';fptpl;nlhnkh vd njhd;WfpwJ. nrit kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp Jiwapy; fhl;oa Kidg;ig tptrhaj;Jiwapy; ,izahf muR fhl;oapUe;jhy; tptrhak; ,g;bgUk; rhpit re;jpj;jpUf;fhJ. tphpthf;fk; vd;gJ tptrha cw;gj;jp rhh;e;j nghh;fhy jpl;l';fis xl;ona fle;j 40 tUl';fshf ,Ue;J tpl;lJ⁴. ,jdhy;/ mjpf cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; tpiy tPH;r;rpfis re;jpj;J tpistpj;jij re;ijg;gLj;j Koahky; jpzwpa[s;sJ.

re;ij/ Rw;WNHy;/ ghuk;ghpak; rhh;e;j tphpthf;f mwpt[ tptrhapfSf;F fle;j tUl';fspy; njitg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jid ,g;nghjhtJ bray;gLj;jpahf ntz;lLk;. ntiyahs; gw;whf;Fiw kfNy; tPH;r;rp/ jhpR epy cUthf;fk;/ kw;Wk; tPl;Lkid mjpfhpg;g[/ jz;zPh; jl;Lg;ghL/ Fiwthd re;ij tpiy vd gy r\fg; gpur;ridfis tptrhapfs; re;jpf;Fk; nghJ tphpthf;fj;Jiwapdh; ,jid rhpfl;Lk; tifapy; ,is"h;fis tptrhak; bra;a Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; tifapYk; ,aw;if ts';fis ghJfhj;J mwpt[rhh;e;j ntshz;ikia Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapYk; bray;gl xU Mf;fk; njitahfpwJ⁵.

tptrhaj;jpy; ,iza tphpthf;fk;

,d;W gl;o bjhl;obay;yhk; bry;nghd;   o.tp. gad;ghLk;/ rpW fpuhk';fs; tiu ,bkapy;/ ,iza gad;ghLk;/ fpuhkj;J ,is"h;fs; ,j;jifa jfty; bjhHpy;El;gj;jpy; Kd;ndwpa[s;sJk;. ekJ r\fj;jpw;F kpfg;bgUk; KjyPlhfnt fUj ntz;Lk;. ,d;W/ rpy tlkhepy';fspy; jfty; bjhHpy;El;g nrit bgUthhpahf ,y;iy. Mdhy;/ fpuhk xw;Wika[k; bray;ghLk; fyhr;rhu hPjpahf ,Uf;fpwJ. iQjuhghj; mUnfa[s;s rpy khtl;l';fspy; jf;fhz; mgptpUj;jp nrit ikak; (Deccan Development Society) tptrhapfis rpWjhdpa cw;gj;jpahy; yhgk; bgw itj;J jfty; bjhHpy;El;g mwptpYk; rpwe;jth;fshf khw;wp cs;sJ⁶. jfty; bjhHpy;El;gj;jpd; gad;ghl;lhy; ,d;W re;ij tpiy epytu';fs; gwpkhwg;gl;L tptrhapfSf;F j';fs; cw;gj;jpg; bghUl;fspd; tpiyia mwpe;J bfhs;s ey;y tpiy fpilf;f tHp bra;fpwJ (Daily Market Information : http://indg.in/india/market_information). mJnghy;/ ntshz; gaph;fis tpistpg;gjw;F fhyepiyia Kd;Tl;ona mwpe;J bfhs;s ,izak; tHptif bra;fpwJ (Tamil Nadu Agriculture Weather Network : www.tawn.tnau.ac.in ).

,Jnghynt/ gaph; cw;gj;jpapd; nghJ Vw;gLk; re;njf';fisa[k;/ rhpahd nkyhz;ik Kiwfs; bjhHpy;El;g';fs; Kjypatw;iw bjhpe;J bfhs;s tptrha ,izajsk; tHptif bra;fpwJ (Agritech Portal : www.agritech.tnau.ac.in ). gy ehLfspy; gad;gLj;Jk; ntshz; mwpit bjhpe;J bfhs;st[k; ,iza jsk; tHptif bra;fpwJ. nkYk;/ rhpahd jfty;fs; rhpahf brd;W nru jpdrhpfis tpl ntfkhf brd;wila r\f tiyjs';fs; cjt[fpwJ⁷. ,j;jifa jfty;fs; midj;J bry;nghdpnyna bjhpe;J bfhs;Sk; mst[f;F tptrha jfty; bjhHpy;El;gk; tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJ⁸. mJkl;Lky;yhky;/ FWk;gl';fs;/ bjhiyfhl;rp epfH;r;rpfs; xspgug;g[ (Youtube) Kjypait gljl;Lf;fspd; (DVD) \yk; midtUk; ghh;f;f KofpwJ.

,iza tphpthf;fKk; ,is"h;fspd;

Kd;g[ TwpaJ nghy;/ jfty; bjhHpy;El;g tsh;r;rpia ehk; tptrhaj;jpw;F kpfg;bgUk; KjyPlhf cgnahfg;gLj;j ntz;Lk;/ ,d;iwa ,is"h;fs; ,jid kpfr;rpwe;j tifapy; r\f tiyjs';fspy; (orkut, face book, blogspot, wordpress, twitter, google plus) gy r\f kw;Wk; murpay; epfH;t[fis fye;JiuahLfpd;wdh;. me;j ,is"h; rf;jpia Mf;fg{h;tkhf tptrha jfty;fis ghpkhwpf;bfhs;s Cf;fg;gLj;jpdhy; xU mwpt[rhh;e;j tptrhaj;ij bra;a[k; tifapy; thpnfhyyhk;. midj;J tifahd bjhHpw;fy;tp gapYk; fy;Y}hp khzth;fSf;Fk;/ gs;sp khzth;fSf;F ,e;j ntshz; jfty; bjhHpy;El;g gad;ghL kw;Wk; mwpit fhz;gpf;f ntz;oaJ mtrpakhFk;. Vbddpy;/ bgUk;ghd;ikahd khzth;fs; tptrhak; rhh;e;j FLk;gj;jpypUe;njh fpuhkj;jpypUe;njh te;jpUg;ghh;fs;. mth;fSf;F ,jid gapyr; bra;tjhy; vspjpy; jfty;fs; gad;ghl;il mila[k;.

,iza tphpthf;fKk;/ tptrha vjph;fhyKk;

jfty; bjhHpy;El;gj;jhy; gpw Jiwfspy; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wk; tptrhaj;ija[k; khw;Wk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. tptrhak; mHptpd; ghijapy; bry;Yk; nghJ mjid rhpbra;a mLj;j jiyKiwapduhtJ ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. mLj;j jiyKiw ,is"h;fs ;jhd; tptrhaj;jpd; vjph;fhyk;. mth;fis jpUk;g ghuk;ghpaj;jpw;Fs; bfhz;L tu ,izank tHpnfhYk;. bjhiye;J nghd fhy';fis njhz;o vLf;Fk; td;ik tha;e;jJ. kwe;J nghd tptrha bra;jpfis kiwe;J nghd jfty;fis neuoahf brd;W ghh;f;f rhj;jpa kw;witfis bjhpe;Jbfhs;s ,izank cjt[k;. xl;L bkhj;jkhf cyifg;g[hpe;J Koit vLf;f cjt[k; fUtpahf ,iza tphpthf;fk; ,Uf;Fk;.

References :

1. J.Hagmann, E.chuma, K.Murwira and M.Connolly (1999) “Putting Process in  

   to Practice: Operatinalising Participatory Extension”, in Agren, Network Paper No.94.

2. Gandhi, R.et al, 2007; Digital Green: Participatory Video for agricultural

    extension, ICTD Conference, Bangalore.

3. Michael M. Cernea and April L. Adams, 1994: Sociology, anthropology and

    development, World bank Publications.

4,5. Working group recommendations on Agricultural extension Approach for

    XI five-year plan, Planning Commission, GOI.

6. Ashok Kumbamu, A critical analysis of sustainable Agriculture Initiatives in  

    Andhra Pradesh, Oxford Press Community development Journal, 2009.

7. Bernardo A.Hubermann et al. 2008. Social Networks that Matter: Twitter

    Under the Microscope, Social Science Research Network.

8. Richard Seyler Ling and Scott W.Campbell. The reconstruction of space and

    time: mobile communication practices, 2008.